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CHAPTER I
Notes
of Comodo :
1. Excellent sense of smell
2. 60 pieces of sharp–like teeth that are
made for tearing flesh
3. Sharp clawed feet for climbing trees
4. Strong legs for running very fast
5. Long tail ( same with its body)
Scientific Clasification
Kingdom :
Animalia
Filum :
Chordata
Class :
Reptilia
Ordo : Squamata
Familia : Varanidae
Genus :
Varanus
Species : Varanus Komodoensis
Length: Approx 2 to 3 metres (6.6 to 9.8 ft)
Weight: 70 kilograms (150 lb)
Diet: Carnivorous, mostly carrion
Range: Komodo, Rinca, Flores and Gili Motang islands in Indonesia
Habitat: Savanna, dry open grasslands and tropical forests at low elevations.
Lifespan: Over 50 years in the wild.
Age Of Sexual Maturity: 5 to 7 years
Gestation Period: 8 to 9 months
Number of Offspring: 15 to 30 eggs per clutch
Comodo have anatomy, such as : Oral cavity, esophagus, trakea,
liver, stomach, heart, small intestine, appendix, big intestine, cloaca, rectum
CHAPTER II
Habitat of
The komodo
2.2. Habitat
of the komodo
Komodo Dragons live in a hot and dry place on the
Indonesian Islands. Komodo Dragons inhabit common areas of hot and dry weather
for a year. Komodos live in the lower forest and savanna and they scavenge for
food on the beach during long dry spells. Komodo Island is a volcanic island
with steep slopes. There is only a little bit of water available once a year.
It is dry with very little plants. During monsoon season (hurricane season) the
islands flood.
The
temperature in the Indonesian islands is usually 80 degrees Fahrenheit, dry and
warm. The Komodo dragon prefers a body temperature of approximately 97 degrees
Fahrenheit and much of their time is spent thermoreragulating to achieve and
maintain that temperature. They will seek out warm areas in the morning, cool
areas in the hottest parts of the day, and then burrow for the night to
minimize body heat loss over night. There burrow makes a cozy bedroom and it is
always dry and comfortable. It stays around 82 degrees Fahrenheit so the dragon
stays cool on hot days warm on cool nights if it slept out side at night, it
would loose its body heat.
2.3. Feed
of the komodo
Komodo
is carnivores animal. Although they eat mostly carrion,
they will also ambush live prey with a stealthy approach. They eat meat (carnivorous) and even other komodo dragons
(cannibalistic). Komodo dragons eat almost kind of meat, including carrion,
deer, pigs, smaller Komodo dragons, water buffalo and even humans. There have
been eight recorded instances of attacks on humans since Komodo has become a
national park, mostly on the island of Rinca. The young mostly feed on small
gecko lizards or insects. Although they can briefly sprint up to 13 miles an
hour, Komodo dragons rely on camouflage and patience, lying in wait along game
trails for passing prey. When prey passes the dragon will attack, attacking the
feet of larger animals, or the neck of smaller ones, with an intent to bring it
to the ground and tear it to shreds. It
has sharp claws and teeth that are large, curved, and serrated, and tear flesh
efficiently. Even when it is unsuccessful in killing the prey, if the prey has
been bitten, the toxic venom and bacteria in the dragon’s saliva will kill the
prey by blood poisoning and a decrease in the ability of the blood to clot
within a few days. The dragon may follow the prey until is succumbs, or will
detect the dead body by its smell. However, scientists have determined that the
venom and bacteria are not deadly to another Komodo dragon and they may be
protected by special antibodies.
The Komodo dragon uses its sense of smell as its main prey
detector. It senses odors with its long yellow forked tongue, and uses a
swinging motion of its head to detect direction of the smell. It can find
carrion from over two miles away. Their eyesight is good at detecting motion
although their vision is poor in dim light. They have a limited range of
hearing and do not hear very low or very high pitches. A kill is usually shared
by many Komodo dragons and very little is wasted. They slash open the stomach
and scatter the intestines to remove the fecal matter from the food. Juveniles
will roll in the fecal matter to make them less attractive as food for larger
dragons. The dominant male feeds first, followed by other dragons in order of
size until almost the entire carcass has been eaten. The Komodo dragon has the
capability to open its mouth unusually wide, swallow huge chunks of meat, and
expand its stomach to accommodate them. It can consume up to 80% of its body
weight in a single feeding. They can also regurgitate the stomach contents to
make them lighter if they need to flee an aggressor. The dragons then become
quiet while they digest their meal.
2.4. Reproduction of the komodo
Mating occurs between May and August, with the eggs laid in September. During
this period, males fight over females and territory by grappling with one
another upon their hind legs with the loser eventually being pinned to the
ground. These males may vomit or defecate when preparing for the fight. The
winner of the fight will then flick his long tongue at the female to gain
information about her receptivity. Females are antagonistic and resist with their claws and teeth during the early phases of
courtship. Therefore, the male must fully restrain the female during coitus to
avoid being hurt. Other courtship displays include males rubbing their chins on
the female, hard scratches to the back, and licking.
Copulation
occurs when the male inserts one of his hemipenes into the female's cloaca. Komodo may be monogamous and form "pair
bonds". The female lays her eggs in burrows cut into the side of a hill or
in the abandoned nesting mounds of the Orange-footed Scrubfowl (a moundbuilder
or megapode), with a preference for the abandoned mounds. Clutches contain an
average of 20 eggs which have an incubation period of 7–8 months. Hatching is
an exhausting effort for the neonates, who break out of their eggshells with an
egg tooth that falls off soon after. After cutting out the hatchlings may lie
in their eggshells for hours before starting to dig out of the nest.
CHAPTER III
Benefit of the Komodo for Human
Komodo is a
rare beast, so it is protected and located dragons on Rinca island, which is
now the new seven wonders of nature, dragons have the advantage to keep the
balance of nature, with the dragons natural balance can be maintained due to
the food chain of animals, dragons also is a pride for the nation of Indonesia
who named komodo seven wonders of nature, so a lot of tourists that make
foreign countries komodo island as an attractive tourist spot and informative.So,
the komodo island is the people around it was also helped and can make job
opportunities for them.
Losses dragons, dragons in addition have the positive effects also have a negative impact, negative impact, the Komodo dragon saliva contains bacteria that most deadly bacterium Pasteurella multocida is a very dangerous. Because dragons seem to be immune to its own microbes, much research was done to find antibacterial molecules in the hope can be used for the treatment of humans.
Losses dragons, dragons in addition have the positive effects also have a negative impact, negative impact, the Komodo dragon saliva contains bacteria that most deadly bacterium Pasteurella multocida is a very dangerous. Because dragons seem to be immune to its own microbes, much research was done to find antibacterial molecules in the hope can be used for the treatment of humans.
Komodo into a
beast that must be protected, so we have to keep the continuity that is not
extinct, that dragons beneficial to the surrounding community, the need for the
promotion of good dragons in their own country as well as foreign countries.
CHAPTER
IV
Conclution
1.
Komodo is one of the biggest lizard’s spesies in the world that
live on the Komodo island, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Gili Dasami in Nusa
Tenggara.
2.
Lenght body of the komodo is 2-3 m. Komodo have a lenght tail
which is same with its lenght body.
3.
Komodo ever popular in Indonesia is used to the pictures of coin
Rp. 50.
4.
Komodo is carnivores animal. Komodo have a long tongue,
yellow and forked.
5.
They live alone, except during the breeding
season. Breeding
season occurs between May and August, Komodo lay eggs in September. Komodo’s egg production averaging 20 points and will hatch after 7-8 months of age
CHAPTER IV
4.1. Bibliography
Auffenberg, Walter (1981). The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo
Monitor. Gainesville: University
Eberhard,
Jo; King, Dennis; Green, Brian; Knight, Frank; Keith Newgrain (1999). Monitors:
The
Lutz,
Richard L; Lutz, Judy Marie (1997). Komodo: The Living Dragon. Salem,
Or: DiMI Press.
http://www.k12.hi.us/~kapunaha/student_projects/komodo/habitat.html
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